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Amazon The Amazon is a region of superlatives. It spans the borders of eight countries and one overseas territory, is the world’s largest river basin and… read more
Andes The Andes are the principal mountains of South America and one of the greatest mountain systems of the world. The Andes include some of the… read more
Argentina In 1816, the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata declared their independence from Spain. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay went their separate ways,… read more
Bahamas An archipelago of 700 islands and islets, the Bahamas attracts millions of tourists each year. The visitors come to enjoy its mild climate, fine beaches… read more
Belize Belize was the site of several Mayan city states until their decline at the end of the first millennium A.D. The British and Spanish disputed… read more
Bolivia Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simón Bolívar, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of… read more
Brazil Following more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, Brazil peacefully gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the abolition of… read more
Caribbean The Caribbean region comprises three main island chains that extend in a roughly crescent shape from the eastern tip of the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico… read more
Central America In political terms, Central America consists of seven independent nations: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. With the exception of Costa… read more
Chile Prior to the coming of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern Chile was under Inca rule while the indigenous Mapuche inhabited central and southern… read more
Colombia Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela). A four-decade… read more
Costa Rica Although explored by the Spanish early in the 16th century, initial attempts at colonizing Costa Rica proved unsuccessful due to a combination of factors, including:… read more
Cuba The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after European arrival on the island in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony… read more
Dominican Republic Explored and claimed by Christopher Columbus on his first voyage in 1492, the island of Hispaniola became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean… read more
Ecuador What is now Ecuador formed part of the northern Inca Empire until the Spanish conquest in 1533. Quito became a seat of Spanish colonial government… read more